Monday, 2 December 2013

FORE: First Order Rate Equations (& Loess)

Richard L. Handy  2013   FORE and the future of practically everything; a guess with a college education.  Moonshine Cove Publishing, 150 Willow Pt., Abbeville SC 29620  214p.

A new book by Richard Handy (who previously brought you 'The Day the House Fell' and 'Soil Engineering').  Now we have a look at First Order Rate Equations (acronym FORE).
log y = ax + b
"This book uses a special kind of telescope that looks back in order to look ahead. That is, it uses information from the past to try and get a handle on the future. This is not ordinary speculation and is not fully ordained and consecrated speculation; it is scientific speculation. It is speculation that is based on a simple rule called a 'first-order rate equation'. Hence the acronym, FORE. The acronym also has a nice forward look about it".

The basic assumption. The basic assumption is that a rate of change depends on the amount of departure from some final equilibrium state. This means that a process has to stop when some key ingredient is all used up. That is not complicated.
A rate of change can be expressed by dy/dt, where dy represents a tiny bit of change and dt is a tiny snatch of time. The / means to divide, as in miles/hour. The assumption therefore is:
dy/dt = ky
That is a definition...

On p.177 is a picture of loess- a classic cold-climate deposit. The FORE equation appears to work well on cooling climatic cycles(but maybe not so well on warming cycles). It also has some application in a geotechnical context related to loess because it can be applied to subsidence. Now subsidence is the no.1 geotechnical problem related to loess and many measurements have been made and equations activated. Handy focusses thoughts on subsidence on to Kansai airport, not a loess application- but relatable to the loessic situation. Handy operates with confidence in the geotechnical regions, and with respect to loess has a remarkable pedigree. Material by Handy appeared in Loess Letter 3 (check it out at www.loessletter.msu.edu). In fact Handy might be held responsible for the existence of Loess Letter. LL was inspired by a newsletter called 'Screenings from the Soil Research Lab' which was published from Iowa State University in Ames from 1957 to 1964. Copies must have been distributed world-wide because a set was kept at the New Zealand Soil Bureau, in the Soil Engineering Section at Upper Hutt. Roy Northey, who ran the Soil Eng.Section, luckily kept everything and copies of Screenings were there to inspire the initiation of Loess Letter(and the New Zealand Government Printer was on hand to produce the early copies). There is a paper on the application of FORE in a geotechnical setting which is highly recommended:

Handy, R.L. 2002.  First-order rate equations in geotechnical engineering. Amer. Soc. Civil. Engrs. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 128, 416-425

Handy, R.L.(writing as anon.)  1980. The loess problem, the great American tragedy, or the war between the states. Loess Letter 3, 3-10. (http.www.loessletter.msu.edu).

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